Koasati (Coushatta) Language Project

20. Waliihiska? Are you running?

Naason sanchi?

What are you doing?

     
     
hiicha?  

is he/she looking?

Ishiicha? Are you looking?
     
     
talwa?   is he/she singing?
Tachilwa? Are you singing?
     
     
hatchaali? is he/she standing?
Hatchaachi? Are you standing?
     
     
chokkooli?   is he/she sitting?
Chokkoochi? Are you sitting?
     
     
lataafka? is he/she kicking it?
Lataafhiska? Are you kicking it?
     
     
naanosi little boy
Naanosik naksofon chayaahli? Where is the little boy walking?
     
     
waliika?   is he/she running?
Waliihiska? Are you running?

Breaking it down:

Depending on the verb, ‘you’ is expressed with a prefix, an infix, or a suffix. A prefix is something attached to the front of a word; an infix is attached in the middle, and a suffix is attached at the end of a word:

hiicha?  is he/she looking? ishiicha?  are you looking? =PREFIX
talwa?  is he/she singing? tachilwa?  are you singing? =INFIX
haali?  is he/she standing? hatchaachi?  are you standing? =SUFFIX

Here are some very common patterns:

a) Drop -li and add -chi:

hatchaali?  is he/she standing? hatchaachi?  are you standing? =SUFFIX
chokkooli?  is he/she sitting? chokkoochi?  are you sitting?

A few verbs differ just a little in dropping i and adding -chi:

hopooni?  is he/she cooking? hoponchi?  are you cooking?
saami?  is he/she doing it? sanchi?  are you doing it?

b) Drop -ka or -ko and add -hiska:

waliika?  is he/she running? waliihiska?  are you running?
lataafka?  is he/she kicking it? lataafhiska?  are you kicking it?
iisko?  is he/she drinking? iishiska?  are you drinking?

c) Only a few dozen verbs take prefixes:

hiicha?  is he/she looking? ishiicha?  are you looking?
noochi?  is he/she sleeping? isnoochi?  are you sleeping?
haalo?  is he/she listening? ishaalo?  are you listening?

d) The infixing pattern is common with verbs like the following:

talwa?  is he/she singing? tachilwa?  are you singing?
ohompa?  is he/she eating? ohochimpa?  are you eating?

 

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